Rani Lakshmi Bai of Jhansi.

            As we all know that before some years we were the slaves of Britain. The British were cruel and treated our people very badly. Some people protested against it and they were also given severe punishments. To save people from these punishments great leaders and queens took birth. Amongst them one was the Rani Lakshmi Bai.

             She was born on 13^th November, 1835. Her father’s name was Moraprant and mother’s was Bhagirathi.Her childhood name was Manu. She grew up in the company of Nana Sahib, the son of Peshwa Bajirao who also liked her. That time India was the slave of the British. The farmers and the people of north India were troubled of the Britishers. They took heavy amount of land revenue from the poor farmers. If the farmers were could not pay the tax they were cruelly punished by the Britishers. Nevertheless Lakshmi Bai did not like it and revolted against it. In the first war of Independence which is sometimes simply called ‘Mutiny’ or the ‘Great upheaval’. She bravely fought for her kingdom and refused to bow her head before the Britishers. It was at an early age when she was married to Gangadhar Rai who was then the ruler of Jhansi. After some days of marriage Gangadhar became seriously ill, then they adopted a son, Damodar as they had no son of their own. Soon Gangadhar died. After his death, Lord Dalhousie who was the Governor General, following the Docto0r Lapse refused to accept Damodar as the king.

             Rani Lakshmi was brave enough, she did not stop to fight for freedom. She collected weapons and ammution. When the British invaded the fort of Jhansi, they were surprised to see the brave daughter of the motherland India, with sword in her hand answering forcefully the cruel strokes of might enemies.

            Lakshmi Bai was certainly of no match of the British power . After losing Jhansi she fought for the fort of Gwalior. She continued fighting for her country till her last breath. After her many great leaders also sacrificed their lives to grt India free. Now just because of their hard work we are free.

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Shivaji- the Great

                             

          The Marathas were the people who lived in Pune and some parts of Maharashtra. They were brave and courageous people and their economic source was based on agriculture. The Marathas also worked under the Mughals. It was Shivaji, at that time who brought awakening among the Marathas.

            Shivaji was born in 1627 A.D. at Shivner, a place near Pune. His father Shahji Bhonsle was a chief in the court of Sultan of Bijapur. His father remained out for most of the time and so Shivaji’s education was the responsibility of his mother Jijabai. Shivaji’s tutor was Konddeva. He was trained by them in warfare as well as in administration.

            Shivaji was very ambitious. He wanted to become a king. Therefore he gathered some men to form a small army. He made this army expert in guerilla warfare. Using the guerilla warfare the soldiers of Shivaji’s army even could fight with small army. Due to this he was given the title of ‘mountain rat’.

            The Mughal ruler at that time was Aurangzeb. When Aurangzeb heard about Shivaji’s exploits, he sent Shaista Khan to destroy him. Nevertheless Shaista khan was defeated by Shivaji at Poona. At last due to Shivaji’s exploits Aurangzeb declared him as king. In 1674, Shivaji was crowned king at his capital Raigarh. It was the birth of the first Maratha state.

            Shivaji was not only a good soldier but also a good administrator. He made the people arise against the mighty Mughals. 

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THE BEGGER PROBLEM IN INDIA

‘God Lovett a cheerful given’

-      Bible

If you happen to go to a railway station or out- side the holy places

You will find yourself surrounded with a number of beggars. They try their best to touch your emotions and sentiments and force you directly or indirectly to give them some money. These beggars have become a major problem in the way of progress for any nation.

It is pretty hard to classify them. They belong to all sects. Several types of them are seen moving from one place to another. Among them, some are homeless, crippled and disabled, while some others are quit hale and hearty. Children of tender age are also seen begging.                                                                                                     

There are some beggars who were saffron colored dress and go from door to door. It is also seen that many rascals cheat the public by saying that they know the future or can double the currency notes or gold. Women and greedy persons fall victim to them. Such people are a curse to the country and should be punished severely.

The beggars live on charity of the people. Everybody tries to help them either on religion or sentimental grounds

The problem is how to stop begging when people have sympathy for the beggars. Hence, for the common good, the government should take stern steps. First of all begging should be declared illegal. But this problem is so acute that an act of parliament will not be sufficient to out this evil. The public should also come forward to help in strengthening the hands of the government. For this, individual’s charity should be stopped. Employment should be provided to those who need it and are willing to work.

 The problem cannot be solved unless the government takes initiative and is backed by the public co-operates, the nuisance of begging will come end. 

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President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.

After Independence many Presidents came on the seat of Presidency. Amongst them one was Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. He was the 12^th president of India. His full name was Dr. Abul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam. He was born on October 15^th 1931 at Dhanushkothi in the temple town Rameshwaram in Tamilnadu.

             He was bo0rn in a poor family of a boot maker. Nevertheless he was exceptionally a brilliant child. He became the first graduated in his whole large family. It was then when he had passed the B.Sc. examination from Saint Joseph College of Tiruchirapalli. In those days the Madras Institute of Technology (IMT) had newly established. He had opportunity and he joint it. Thus his whole life was changed.

             He had a great wish of going abroad. Nevertheless he wanted to serve his motherland first. As such before becoming the president of India, he had gone abroad once. That was his visit to NASA in the USA. He thought that his first duty to serve his motherland and he did so. His further knowledge was upgraded when he joint Defence Research and Development Organization (DRDO) in 1958. His was also much upgraded when he joined the Indian Space Research Organization. At present he is known to people by the title ‘Missile Man of India’. It’s because of his various hard works on missiles like Prithvi, Trishul, Akash, Agni, etc. He also wrote his Autobiography named Agni Siragugul or Wings of Fire.

            Mainly, he was interested in his work. He was fond of music and reading the holy Koran and the Gita. He loved people much. After he became the president he was very much interacted with children. He visited to children in many schools and taught them good lessons. He was fantastically a perfect president. These great personalities like Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam have only made India a developed country.

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Prophet Muhammad.

Like the saints a prophet also took birth on the Earth. His name was Muhammad. He was born in A.D. 571in Mecca, a city in which the Kaaba, an important shrine is located. His father died before his birth, so his uncle brought him up.

Muhammad was, from the very beginning, meditative and imaginative. He always thought of the welfare and well-being of the downtrodden. He formed a new religion called Islam. Once, at the age of forty while he was meditating in a cave at Mount Hira he had ‘visions of truth’. The angel Gabriel appeared to him and told him to recite him the name of God, the Creator. The revelations that Muhammad received were to become the first part of Koran which in Arabic meant recitation or read loudly.

Unfortunately the ideas and beliefs of Muhammad were not liked by the rich merchants. Thus he had to face opposition and criticism of these people. Ultimately, he was forced to leave Mecca and seek refuge in Medina where he was given a warm welcome. This event took place in 622 A.D. This is known as Hijra or migration and is the first year of Muslim calendar. Here Muhammad preached the principles of Islam and very soon the people of Arabia accepted this new religion. Islam believed that Allah is one and only God. It also respect the theory of Brotherhood.

Prophet Muhammad was a sort of God to the Arabian people. Soon this new religion became famous in whole world especially in India and Pakistan etc. in India the people were Greatly influenced by the teachings of Islam and converted into Muslims. He died in 632 A.D.

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THE PROBLEM OF RISING PRICE

There is the problem of rising price all over the world. But this problem is more serious in India than anywhere else. It is the greater curse to the poor class. The following facts have causes the price rate in India. India is a back ward country. Production is not enough to meet the needs of the people. So there is shortage of every thing. It causes rise in price.

India is facing the greatest problem of over-population. But production dose not increase in the same proportion. So peoples need cannot be meet out. The price goes high. As such there is a great need of check on population.

The supply is less than demands due to this. So the prices have gone high. Scientific method farming can help a lot to improve agriculture. People also waste much money on social evils and religious function. There is much waste at the time of marriages, birth or death. People should be taught to get ride of these things.

In India, business-men store the commodities and sell them at a high pries in the black market. Beside this a lots of money is in circulation. Hoarding and black marketing have made the situation worst. The frequent strikes in factories also affect the production, which results in rise in price.

Our government should try to improve the increase in production and to convince of the advantages of the family planning. Production should be increased by scientific method. The government should impart technical and scientific training to the industrial workers to enable them to increase production so as to bring about a fall in price of essential commodities.

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